Wednesday, 6 June 2012

Chris Nolan Would Direct a Bond Movie

As the theatrical premiere of The Dark Knight Rises draws closer, Chris Nolan is making the rounds to promote his third (and presumably final) entry in the Batman movie franchise. With his tale of the Dark Knight?s rise, fall, and re-rise almost concluded, inquiring minds are looking to hear what Nolan has in store next.

Today we learn that the acclaimed writer/director still has another heroic character on his filmmaking wish-list (James Bond), while a biopic about a real-life man of wealth and obsession (Howard Hughes) seems to have slipped through his fingers.

The news comes from a recent issue of Empire Magazine?focusing on The Dark Knight Rises?(where we also learned that the studio wanted Leo DiCaprio to play The Riddler). In the article, Nolan reportedly reiterrates a claim he made about two years ago while promoting Inception, in which he expressed interest in directing a James Bond movie, as he isa longtime fan of the character.

Here?s what Nolan is saying now about taking on the James Bond franchise: ?It would have to be the right situation and the right time in their cycle of things.?

That comment is (once again) setting off a flurry of debate. Personally speaking, I maintain my position of two years ago: Having a Nolan-directed James Bond film could result in a sort of suspenseful and thrilling espionage flick that the franchise hasn?t necessarily seen (yet); spies, double-crosses, political intrigue, keep-you-guessing character motivations and plot arcs, big action set pieces, etc? Provided, of course, that American Beauty director Sam Mendes isn?t about to deliver just that with his upcoming Bond film, Skyfall.

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Daniel Craig as James Bond in 'Skyfall'

Of course, some people are taking Nolan?s words ? about ?the right situation? right time in their cycle?? ? to mean that he would prefer to wait until the current?cycle of Bond films starring Daniel Craig (with their gritty,?Bourne-esque style and tone ) are done and over with ? perhaps with Craig vacating the role. Others simply take the comments to mean that Nolan would have to find actual time and opportunity in his schedule, in order to make the switch to the Bond franchise.

Given the success Marvel had with The Avengers, it?s pretty much been assumed that Warner Bros. and DC Comics will soon unveil plans for their own shared movie universe ? possibly starting with next summer?s Superman reboot, Man of Steel. WB/DC once tried to make Nolan the ?Godfather? of their movie universe, so they could pay to play that game after TDKR. Then again, MGM (which holds the Bond franchise rights) took on WB as a partner to help make Peter Jackson?s Hobbit films a reality; further collaboration between the two movie houses (like, sharing a director) isn?t out of the question. We?ll have to keep waiting and see what develops.

-

Howard Hughes Biopic

Christopher Nolan to followup The Dark Knight Rises with Howard Hughes movie

Finally, the Empire story revealed that Nolan?s biopic about famed 20th century business mogul Howard Hughes is dead for the time being. The film was going to explore the madness Hughes suffered in his later years ? making it somewhat different from Martin Scorsese?s life-chronicling 2004 biopic, The Aviator, which starred Leo DiCaprio. The success of that Scorsese film (5 Oscars) delayed Nolan?s film ? though Nolan?s version (which might?ve starred Jim Carrey as Hughes) sounds fascinating, nonetheless.

While surely disappointing, Nolan addresses the collapse of the Hughes film with good humor, stating: ?Luckily I managed to find another wealthy, quirky character who?s orphaned at a young age.?

The Dark Knight Rises will be in theaters on July 20, 2012. We?ll keep you updated as to what film project Chris Nolan embarks on next.

Source: If you?re a Batman movie fan, you need to pickup the next issue of?Empire Magazine. (Hat tip to The Playlist)

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Woods quiets doubters with a flick of his wrists

Jack Nicklaus, left, talks with Tiger Woods after Woods won the Memorial golf tournament at the Muirfield Village Golf Club in Dublin, Ohio, Sunday, June 3, 2012. (AP Photo/Tony Dejak)

Jack Nicklaus, left, talks with Tiger Woods after Woods won the Memorial golf tournament at the Muirfield Village Golf Club in Dublin, Ohio, Sunday, June 3, 2012. (AP Photo/Tony Dejak)

Tiger Woods tees off on the 15th hole during the during the final round of the Memorial golf tournament on Sunday, June 3, 2012, in Dublin, Ohio. Woods birdied the hole. (AP Photo/Jay LaPrete)

Tiger Woods waves to the crowd after making a birdie putt on the 18th hole during the final round of the Memorial golf tournament, Sunday, June 3, 2012, in Dublin, Ohio. Woods birdied three of his last four holes to win the Memorial and match tournament host Jack Nicklaus with his 73rd title on the PGA Tour. (AP Photo/Jay LaPrete)

Tiger Woods raises his putter after making a birdie putt on the 18th hole during the final round of the Memorial golf tournament, Sunday, June 3, 2012, in Dublin, Ohio. Woods birdied three of his last four holes to win the Memorial and match tournament host Jack Nicklaus with his 73rd title on the PGA Tour. (AP Photo/Tony Dejak)

Tiger Woods, left, shakes hands with Rickie Fowler after making a birdie putt on the 18th hole during the final round of the Memorial golf tournament, Sunday, June 3, 2012, in Dublin, Ohio. Woods birdied three of his last four holes to win the Memorial and match tournament host Jack Nicklaus with his 73rd title on the PGA Tour. (AP Photo/Jay LaPrete)

(AP) ? For those who thought Tiger Woods' run as the world's best golfer was over, the 747-sized roar that emanated from the 16th green at Muirfield Village likely shocked them to their senses.

With one flick of his wrists, Woods reminded everyone of who he was and what he has done.

Woods slid a 60-degree sand wedge under a ball hidden by tall grass behind the 16th green, popped the ball straight up into the air where it seemed to hang for an instant, and then watched as it rolled ever so slowly toward the cup before dropping in for a 50-foot birdie that tied him for the lead at the Memorial Tournament on Sunday.

If that birdie served notice, then another on a sneaky-fast 10-foot downhill putt at the 18th assured him of his fifth victory at the tournament that Jack Nicklaus built.

So, Tiger was asked, do you think you're back?

"I won," he joked with a wide smile. "I'm sure by Tuesday I'll be retired and done, and then by the time I tee it up at the U.S. Open (at Olympic Club in San Francisco in 11 days) it might be something different. But I'll let you guys figure that out."

Adding to the weight of the moment, the win tied Woods with Nicklaus ? the tournament founder and host who handed him the crystal trophy on the 18th green ? with 73 tour wins for second behind Sam Snead's record 82.

Woods said it was "awfully special" to tie Nicklaus at the Golden Bear's own tournament.

"Well, he had to rub it in my face right here, didn't he?" Nicklaus cracked.

Then he added, "The last time he won here three years ago, he came here struggling a little bit and just absolutely blitzed it. And he did it again this week."

Woods, four shots back and in fourth place at the start of the final round, closed with a 67 to match the best round of the day. He also saved his best for last, birdieing three of the final four holes under pressure conditions to make up a two-shot deficit as he teed off on the 15th hole.

After a big drive, he hit a 3-iron second shot on the par-5 15th to 40 feet past the flag. He two-putted for birdie. At the 16th, he hit an 8-iron that rode the wind and bounced off the green and about 15 feet into deep grass. A little too soft a shot and he would be left with a treacherous, twisting putt for par. Catch it a little thin and the ball could easily run all the way through the green and into a pond.

The sonic boom that erupted when the ball fell shook the whole course. The rest of the field, those who didn't already know anyway, were reminded that Woods still can summon the thunder.

"Well, obviously, I knew something was going on up in front," said Rory Sabbatini, who held a one-shot lead until Woods' chip-in.

Rickie Fowler, one of the game's most popular young players, was paired with Woods in a grouping that drew thousands of spectators. Fowler suffered through a miserable day that would end with him shooting a career-worst 84. But at the 16th, he knew he was witnessing some magic he'd seen before from Woods.

"It came out perfect," Fowler said of the shot. "It landed right on the crown of that ridge there ? and the rest is history."

Nicklaus called it a shot for the ages.

"I've seen a lot of shots in golf," he said during the presentation ceremony. "I don't think I've ever seen a better one."

Woods sounded as if even he didn't expect it to fall.

"The shot was obviously difficult, but it wouldn't have been so bad if I had a good lie," Woods said. "The lie was just a little marginal where it brought the water into play. That's the reason I took such a big cut at it. I went for it, I pulled it off and for it to land as soft as it did was kind of a surprise."

Still, he was only tied. While he was parring the 17th hole, Sabbatini bogeyed the 16th.

Woods striped a 3 wood off the tee at the testy, uphill, par-4 closing hole. Then he carved an iron to the back of the green and watched it follow the contour of the green back to almost pin high. He slid the ball in on the high side for a 9-under 279.

Andres Romero also had a 67 to pull into a tie with Sabbatini (72) for second, two shots back. Daniel Summerhays shot a 69 and was tied for fourth at 283 with 54-hole leader Spencer Levin. Levin, just as he had in losing a six-stroke lead heading into the final round at Phoenix, closed with a disappointing 75.

Woods hadn't won a full-field event since 2009 before taking the Arnold Palmer Invitational in late March. He had missed a cut and finished tied for 40th in his only two tournaments after that, including the Masters. The whispers about his professional demise were growing louder.

But then came the shot at 16, with Woods orchestrating the cheers with several of his trademark fist pumps.

After he had accepted the trophy from Nicklaus and the $1.1 million that went with it, and after he had moved to No. 4 in the world rankings, Woods was asked if at 36 he still has enough to play at the same level of excellence from his earlier days.

"Uh-huh," he said.

What he had just done did all the speaking for him.

___

Follow Rusty Miller on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/rustymillerap .

Associated Press

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Tuesday, 5 June 2012

Wii U, sequels take another swing at E3

FILE - In this June 8, 2011 photo, Nintendo's video game console:Wii U is demonstrated at the Nintendo booth at the 2011 Electronic Entertainment Expo in Los Angeles. At this year's Electronic Entertainment Expo, Nintendo is expected to show off exactly what kinds of games will be available for its new touchpad-powered Wii U console, while other gamemakers will hype the latest installments in their "Call of Duty," "Halo" and "God of War" franchises. (AP Photo/Damian Dovarganes, file)

FILE - In this June 8, 2011 photo, Nintendo's video game console:Wii U is demonstrated at the Nintendo booth at the 2011 Electronic Entertainment Expo in Los Angeles. At this year's Electronic Entertainment Expo, Nintendo is expected to show off exactly what kinds of games will be available for its new touchpad-powered Wii U console, while other gamemakers will hype the latest installments in their "Call of Duty," "Halo" and "God of War" franchises. (AP Photo/Damian Dovarganes, file)

In this video game image released by Microsoft/343 Industries, a scene if shown from "Halo 4." At this year's Electronic Entertainment Expo, Nintendo is expected to show off exactly what kinds of games will be available for its new touchpad-powered Wii U console, while other gamemakers will hype the latest installments in their "Call of Duty," "Halo" and "God of War" franchises. (AP Photo/Microsoft/343 Industries)

This video game image released by Activision shows a scene from "Call of Duty: Black Ops II." At this year's Electronic Entertainment Expo, Nintendo is expected to show off exactly what kinds of games will be available for its new touchpad-powered Wii U console, while other gamemakers will hype the latest installments in their "Call of Duty," "Halo" and "God of War" franchises. (AP Photo/Activision)

(AP) ? Is the Wii U right for you?

At last year's Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3), Nintendo captured most of the spotlight by unveiling the Wii's successor, a high-definition console called the Wii U that utilizes a tablet-like touchscreen controller. Attention alone wasn't enough to declare a victory. Folks weren't, well, feeling it. Critical reaction was mixed, and the Japanese gaming giant's stock dropped.

"Nintendo has an uphill battle this year," said Morgan Webb, co-host of the G4 gaming show "X-Play." ''It's really a branding problem. I think a lot of people are still confused about the Wii U. They're going to have a hard time convincing people that this could be a better gaming experience than the iPad."

At this year's E3 convention in Los Angeles next week, Nintendo Co. will attempt to assuage such concerns by introducing gamers to titles that will be available for Wii U when it's expected to launch later this year. Previously, the "Mario Bros." creator only teased what was capable through a series of technology demonstrations.

E3 comes at a time when the gaming industry could use a few good parties and pep talks. The NPD Group, a research firm that tracks the U.S. sales of game software, hardware and accessories, said that while consumers spent more than $1 billion on games and accompanying gizmos in April, retail sales fell 32 percent from a year ago, the fifth month of decline.

The continued interest in cheaper-to-produce mobile, social and downloadable games is expected to be showcased more than ever before at E3, a flashy extravaganza typically focused on building buzz for the loudest and sexiest games. Zynga, the developer of social games like "FarmVille" and "Words With Friends," will have a presence at E3 for the first time.

"Every time I go to E3, I'm usually surprised," said Jay Wilson, lead designer of the role-playing game "Diablo III." ''I expect to be surprised again. What I hope is that no matter what platform people are working on, no matter what new area that they're exploring, the most important thing is gameplay. If a game provides great gameplay, the platform doesn't really matter."

Indeed, a strong line-up of games will be integral to the future success of the Wii U, a lesson Nintendo learned the hard way after last year's lackluster launch of the 3DS, its glasses-free 3-D handheld device. "X-Play's" Webb thinks Nintendo could win over the E3 crowd if it introduces innovative, unexpected, must-own games that appeal equally to both hardcore and casual gamers.

Unless Nintendo's fellow first-party publishers Sony Corp. or Microsoft Corp. unveil new hardware or radical updates to their respective PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles, the E3 spotlight ? for better or worse ? will undoubtedly be shining back in Nintendo's direction. (Microsoft and Sony have previously shot down rumors they'd unleash new consoles at this year's E3.)

"The Wii U was announced last year, and that stimulates all kinds of thoughts about what's possible," said Mark Lamia, the studio head at "Call of Duty: Black Ops II" developer Treyarch. "It'll be interesting to see what happens with the first parties. It's always an exciting time when rumors are in the air, and we see if E3 is the time when they become more than rumors."

Most other game makers will use the expo to hype new entries in their seemingly never-ending franchises. There's Activision's "Call of Duty: Black Ops II," Microsoft's "Halo 4" and "Forza Horizon," Sony's "God of War: Ascension" and "LittleBigPlanet Karting," Ubisoft's "Far Cry 3" and "Assassin's Creed III," as well as the revealing of several other new chapters.

Some sequels at E3 are emerging from deep within the vault. Franchises once considered extinct, such as invasion simulator "X-COM," stealthy shooter "Hitman" and town builder "SimCity," will return to a vastly different landscape. Will these once beloved series be re-embraced? It's a strategy that's worked for some ("Twisted Metal") but failed others ("Syndicate").

Electronic Arts Inc. will show off such games as the real-world military simulator "Medal of Honor: Warfighter," a new iteration of its "Need for Speed" racing series and the sci-fi horror sequel "Dead Space 3." EA, like many publishers, will also be talking technology, focusing on advancements with its Frostbite graphics engine, digital distribution and cloud computing

"Cloud competing isn't rocket science," said Patrick Soderlund, executive vice president at the EA Games label. "It is a great feature that we're embracing as a game company. It's just a natural evolution that I think will be used in most of our products, to some extent."

___

AP Entertainment Writer Ryan Pearson contributed to this report.

___

Online:

http://www.e3expo.com/

___

Follow AP Entertainment Writer Derrik J. Lang on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/derrikjlang.

Associated Press

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Please watch How Butch Cassidy (Paul Newman) challenges Robert Redford (Sundance Kid) to face his fear of drowning, fairly creatively, I might add, one of the BEST scenes in any move of all-Time, in my opinion ?Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid?

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A different drummer: Stanford engineers discover neural rhythms drive physical movement

A different drummer: Stanford engineers discover neural rhythms drive physical movement

Monday, June 4, 2012

Unlike their visual cousins, the neurons that control movement are not a predictable bunch. Scientists working to decode how such neurons convey information to muscles have been stymied when trying to establish a one-to-one relationship between a neuron's behavior and external factors such as muscle activity or movement velocity.

In an article published online June 3rd by the journal Nature, a team of electrical engineers and neuroscientists working at Stanford University propose a new theory of the brain activity behind arm movements. Their theory is a significant departure from existing understanding and helps to explain, in relatively simple and elegant terms, some of the more perplexing aspects of the activity of neurons in motor cortex.

In their paper, electrical engineering Associate Professor Krishna Shenoy and post-doctoral researchers Mark Churchland, now a professor at Columbia, and John Cunningham of Cambridge University, now a professor at Washington University in Saint Louis, have shown that the brain activity controlling arm movement does not encode external spatial information?such as direction, distance and speed?but is instead rhythmic in nature.

Understanding the brain

Neuroscientists have long known that the neurons responsible for vision encode specific, external-world information?the parameters of sight. It had been theorized and widely suggested that motor cortex neurons function similarly, conveying specifics of movement such as direction, distance and speed, in the same way the visual cortex records color, intensity and form.

"Visual neurons encode things in the world. They are a map, a representation," said Churchland, who is first author of the paper. "It's not a leap to imagine that neurons in the motor cortex should behave like neurons in the visual cortex, relating in a faithful way to external parameters, but things aren't so concrete for movement."

Scientists have disagreed about which movement parameters are being represented by individual neurons. They could not look at a particular neuron firing in the motor cortex and determine with confidence what information it was encoding.

"Many experiments have sought such lawfulness and yet none have found it. Our findings indicate an alternative principle is at play," said co-first author Cunningham.

"Our main finding is that the motor cortex is a flexible pattern generator, and sends rhythmic signals down the spinal cord," said Churchland.

Engine of movement

To employ an automotive analogy, the motor cortex is not the steering wheel, odometer or speedometer representing real-world information. It is more like an engine, comprised of parts whose activities appear complicated in isolation, but which cooperate in a lawful way as a whole to generate motion.

"If you saw a piston or a spark plug by itself, would you be able to explain how it makes a car move?" asked Cunningham rhetorically. "Motor-cortex neurons are like that, too, understandable only in the context of the whole."

In monitoring electrical brain activity of motor-cortex neurons, researchers found that they typically exhibit a brief oscillatory response. These responses are not independent from neuron to neuron. Instead, the entire neural population oscillates as one in a beautiful and lawfully coordinated way.

The electrical signal that drives a given movement is therefore an amalgam ? a summation ? of the rhythms of all the motor neurons firing at a given moment.

"Under this new way of looking at things, the inscrutable becomes predictable," said Churchland. "Each neuron behaves like a player in a band. When the rhythms of all the players are summed over the whole band, a cascade of fluid and accurate motion results."

Dr. Daofen Chen, Program Director, Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke at the National Institutes of Health, said Shenoy and team are working at the cutting edge of the field. "In trying to find the basic response properties of the motor cortex, Dr. Shenoy and his colleagues are searching for the holy grail of neuroscience," said Dr. Chen. "His team has been consistent in tackling important but tough questions, often in thought-provoking ways and in ambitious proposals. NIH is proud to support this kind of pioneering and transformative research."

Precedents in nature

In the new model, a few relatively simple rhythms explain neural features that had confounded science earlier.

"Many of the most-baffling aspects of motor-cortex neurons seem natural and straightforward in light of this model," said Cunnigham.

The team studied non-rhythmic reaching movements, which made the presence of rhythmic neural activity a surprise even though, the team notes, rhythmic neural activity has a long precedence in nature. Such rhythms are present in the swimming motion of leeches and the gait of a walking monkey, for instance.

"The brain has had an evolutionary goal to drive movements that help us survive. The primary motor cortex is key to these functions. The patterns of activity it displays presumably derive from evolutionarily older rhythmic motions such as swimming and walking. Rhythm is a basic building block of movement," explained Churchland.

Reaching for the grail

To test their hypothesis, the engineers studied the brain activity of monkeys reaching to touch a target. According to the researchers, experiments show this 'underlying rhythm' strategy works very well to explain both brain and muscle activity. In their reaching studies, the pattern of shoulder-muscle behavior could always be described by the sum of two underlying rhythms.

"Say you're throwing a ball. Beneath it all is a pattern. Maybe your shoulder muscle contracts, relaxes slightly, contracts again, and then relaxes completely, all in short order," explained Churchland. "That activity may not be exactly rhythmic, but it can be created by adding together two or three other rhythms. Our data argue that this may be how the brain solves the problem of creating the pattern of movement."

"Finding these brain rhythms surprised us a bit, as the reaches themselves were not rhythmic. In fact, they were decidedly arrhythmic, and yet underlying it all were these unmistakable patterns," said Churchland.

"This research builds on a strong theoretical framework and adds to growing evidence that rhythmic activity is important for many fundamental brain functions," said Yuan Liu of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH. "Further research in this area may help us devise more effective technology for controlling prosthetic limbs." Liu is the co-lead of the NIH-NSF Collaborative Research in Computational Neuroscience program.

"In this model, the seemingly complex system that is the motor cortex can now be at least partially understood in more straightforward terms. The motor cortex is an engine of movement that obeys lawful dynamics," said Shenoy.

Stanford post-doctoral fellow Matthew Kaufman, bioengineering PhD student and medical science training program student Paul Nuyujukian, electrical engineering graduate student Justin Foster, and electrical engineering consulting assistant professor and Palo Alto Medical Foundation neurosurgeon Stephen Ryu were also authors on this paper.

###

Stanford School of Engineering: http://soe.stanford.edu

Thanks to Stanford School of Engineering for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Widespread State Economic Growth in 2011 ? U.S. Bureau of ...

Real GDP increased in 43 states and the District of Columbia in 2011. Leading industry contributors were durable-goods manufacturing; professional, scientific, and technical services; and information services.

Durable-goods manufacturing was the leading contributor to real GDP growth in 26 states, contributing 3.94 percentage points to growth in Oregon and 1.17 percentage points to growth in Michigan.

Professional, scientific, and technical services was the largest contributor to real GDP growth in the District of Columbia, Virginia, Massachusetts, New York, Maryland, New Jersey, Florida, and Arkansas.

Information services was the largest contributor to real GDP growth in Colorado and Utah.

In North Dakota, the fastest growing state in 2011, mining contributed 2.81 percentage points to real GDP growth.

In contrast, several industries subtracted from real GDP growth in 2011. Real estate, rental, and leasing subtracted the most. This industry subtracted from real GDP growth in 40 states.

Per capita real GDP ranged from a high of $63,159 in Delaware to a low of $28,293 in Mississippi. Per capita real GDP for the U.S. was $42,070.

To learn more about gross domestic product by state, read the full report.

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Gymnast Shawn Johnson ends comeback, retires

FILE - In this July 22, 2011, file photo, Shawn Johnson smiles during a workout session for the CoverGirl Classic gymnastics event in Chicago. Johnson announced her retirement from competitive gymnastics Sunday, June 3, 2012, four days before the start of the U.S. championships because of repeated setbacks with her left knee, and fears she was putting her long-term health at risk by continuing with her attempts to make a second Olympic team. (AP Photo/Charles Rex Arbogast, File)

FILE - In this July 22, 2011, file photo, Shawn Johnson smiles during a workout session for the CoverGirl Classic gymnastics event in Chicago. Johnson announced her retirement from competitive gymnastics Sunday, June 3, 2012, four days before the start of the U.S. championships because of repeated setbacks with her left knee, and fears she was putting her long-term health at risk by continuing with her attempts to make a second Olympic team. (AP Photo/Charles Rex Arbogast, File)

FILE - In this Aug. 20, 2011, file photo, Shawn Johnson competes on the balance beam during the final round of the U.S. gymnastics championships in St. Paul, Minn. Johnson announced her retirement from competitive gymnastics Sunday, June 3, 2012, four days before the start of the U.S. championships because of repeated setbacks with her left knee, and fears she was putting her long-term health at risk by continuing with her attempts to make a second Olympic team. (AP Photo/Genevieve Ross, File)

FILE - In this Aug. 19, 2008, file photo, Shawn Johnson poses with her gold medal on the podium for the balance beam apparatus gymnastics finals at the Beijing Olympics in Beijing. Johnson announced her retirement from competitive gymnastics Sunday, June 3, 2012, four days before the start of the U.S. championships because of repeated setbacks with her left knee, and fears she was putting her long-term health at risk by continuing with her attempts to make a second Olympic team. (AP Photo/Rob Carr, File)

The knee injury that sparked Shawn Johnson's comeback put an end to it, too.

The Olympic gold medalist announced her retirement Sunday, saying repeated setbacks with her left knee made contending for a spot at the London Games impossible, and left her fearful she was putting her long-term health at risk.

"It just little by little gets worse and worse," Johnson told The Associated Press. "My body is to the point where I need time to rest and retire so I can be healthy for the rest of my life. It's hard to wrap my mind around. Gymnastics has been my entire life, and now it's no more."

Her announcement, four days before the start of the U.S. gymnastics championships, brings a melancholy close to a career that took her from Iowa to Hollywood, with a few world titles, a trip to Beijing and an Olympic gold medal sprinkled in between.

"It's just been a fun road with Shawn," USA Gymnastics president Steve Penny said.

After winning four medals at the 2008 Games ? only Michael Phelps, Natalie Coughlin and Nastia Liukin left Beijing with more ? Johnson took the next two years off. She won "Dancing with the Stars" and, with her bubbly personality and girl-next-door looks, became a bona fide celebrity. She left the door open to a return for a London, but it wasn't until she blew out her knee in a January 2010 ski accident that she realized she still wanted to compete. Her first stop after the doctor's office was her gym, where she and coach Liang Chow began plotting her comeback.

The long layoff would present enough of a challenge, but her knee made it that much more difficult. She had torn the ACL, MCL and meniscus, along with her hamstring, and it never returned to full strength. She made the team for last year's Pan American Games, where she helped the Americans win the team gold. But when she tried to increase her training over the last few months to get ready for London, her knee would not cooperate. She couldn't do the number of repetitions she needed, and there were days she couldn't even work out because the knee would be so swollen.

"That was a hard, hard thing," Chow said of watching Johnson struggle.

Finally, Chow sat Johnson down and said they needed to be realistic. She couldn't put in the training she needed, and she was looking at an entire knee reconstruction if she kept going.

"It's been a really hard decision. How can you tell yourself, 'No, I think it's time to say it's finally done?'" said Johnson, 20. "I'd like to be 30 and have kids and run around with them. It became more about my future life than this future one moment. I'm looking at the bigger picture of things."

But it still hurts.

"It's weird, for the first time in my career I came up short. But I feel like I succeeded as well," said Johnson, who listed making the Pan Am team after the knee injury as one of her proudest accomplishments. "It almost came too easy the first time. It was a humbling experience this time around."

Johnson was once billed as "the next Mary Lou," a fresh-faced kid from West Des Moines, Iowa, who could jump and dream.

Famous is the story of Chow trying to get Johnson her first invitation to a national team training camp. Unsolicited, he sent national team coordinator Martha Karolyi a highlight tape and promised that "this kid will help the U.S. team."

Based on the pure moxie of the move, Karolyi couldn't help but take a look. Chow turned out to be right.

Along with her gold on balance beam in Beijing, Johnson won silvers in the all-around, team competition and floor exercise. Her all-around title at the 2007 world championships was at the time the fourth by a U.S. woman, and she also led the Americans to their third team title and took gold on the floor exercise. Shannon Miller is the only other American to win three golds at a single world championships.

Her performance at worlds was the exclamation point on a winning streak the likes of which is rarely seen in gymnastics. Johnson won every event she entered in 2007, her first as a senior, establishing herself as one of the poster kids for the Beijing Games. It also set up a compelling, yet friendly, rivalry with Liukin.

"Shawn will always hold a special place in gymnastics and my heart," Karolyi said. "She always showed the joy of doing gymnastics."

Indeed, it was that personality that made Johnson so popular with both gymnastics fans and folks who think a floor is something to sit on. She was always cheerful, frequently flashing a megawatt smile almost as big as she is, and delightfully unaffected. As a way of saying thank you to Chow and his wife and co-coach, Li Zhuang, Johnson learned how to write their names in Chinese and surprised them by putting the characters on the sleeves of her leotard for the 2007 U.S. championships.

After she finished second to Liukin in Beijing, Johnson was among the first to embrace her teammate and congratulate her. If she was disappointed, she wasn't going to spoil Liukin's accomplishment by showing it.

"We're going to truly miss her," Chow said. "But we realize life is going on and we want to wish her the very best."

Johnson said she made her decision Friday, then spent the next day telling those closest to her. But no matter how many times she said the words, they hadn't quite sunk in. She imagines that will change over the coming months, as she watches the rest of the U.S. women fight for a spot on the Olympic team and experience everything she did just four years ago. She still plans to attend nationals and the Olympic trials; her training partner, Gabby Douglas, is a favorite to make the London team.

And she plans to go to London, where she promised to be "the greatest cheerleader in the stands."

Her autobiography, "Winning Balance," is being released Tuesday, and she plans to go to college in the fall of 2013, though she hasn't settled on a school.

Beyond that, however, Johnson's not sure.

"I'd normally say I have practice at 2:30," she said. "I don't know and that's hard. I'm at a point where I don't know what's next."

Though it may not have ended how she imagined or hoped, Johnson said she has no regrets about her comeback. She felt she had gotten "off track" in the two years after Beijing, and returning to gymnastics reminded her of what was really important.

"The comeback has made me 10 times more a stronger person than I ever was," she said. "The past two years in gymnastics brought me back to the real me. I feel like no matter where I go next, I'll be more level-headed about it. And do what's right for me."

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Follow Nancy Armour at www.twitter.com/nrarmour

Associated Press

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